Europe’s clean energy transition is unfolding under increasingly complex climate conditions. Altered hydrological regimes, growing water scarcity, and more frequent extreme weather events are reshaping the operational landscape for hydropower across the continent. At the same time, the rapid expansion of wind and solar generation requires unprecedented levels of flexibility, storage, and system stability services that hydropower is uniquely positioned to provide.

To address these evolving challenges and opportunities, ETIP HYDROPOWER Working Group 3 has developed a comprehensive White Paper exploring how hydropower can strengthen Europe’s climate resilience while supporting decarbonisation goals. The paper analyses current and projected climate impacts on hydropower, identifies adaptation and mitigation needs, highlights innovation pathways, and provides strategic recommendations for policymakers, researchers, and industry stakeholders.