A recent study conducted by AFRY Management Consulting, on behalf of the Swedish Association of Engineers, has revealed significant potential to increase both capacity and balancing in Sweden’s existing hydropower plants. The research, carried out during the summer of 2024, aims to address Sweden’s rising electricity demand.

The study, which included a literature review, expert interviews, and quantitative analysis, examined the feasibility of expanding hydropower capacity. Despite hydropower’s crucial role in the country’s energy system, little focus has been placed on its potential for growth. While renewable energy sources such as wind and solar have expanded significantly, hydropower capacity has remained largely unchanged.

Key Findings:

• Existing Swedish hydropower plants have the potential to increase capacity by 4,000 MW, equivalent to 24% of the current installed capacity.
• Enhanced hydropower capacity could support an additional 800–1,200 MW of wind power integration.
• Major challenges to expansion include hydropower permit re-assessment, permits for altered water flows, and profitability concerns for hydropower owners.

The report underscores the importance of investigating opportunities for increased hydropower capacity, as it can contribute significantly to balancing the energy grid. Three primary measures were identified to enhance the capacity of existing hydropower plants:

1. Turbine Upgrades – Replacing all or parts of turbines to enhance flow rate and efficiency.
2. Power Unit Upgrades – Replacing entire power units, including turbines, generators, and ancillary equipment, to improve capacity.
3. Installation of Additional Power Units – Adding new power units in stations already prepared for expansion to boost overall capacity.

With Sweden’s electricity demand projected to rise, hydropower remains a key component of the country’s future energy system. The study highlights the need for further investigation into how regulatory and financial challenges can be addressed to unlock hydropower’s full potential.

Check the webinar about the study here. 

Download the report